Kidney dysfunction: Elevated BUN levels may suggest impaired kidney function, which can be caused by various kidney conditions.
Dehydration: In some cases, high BUN levels can be associated with dehydration, as less water in the body can lead to higher concentrations of urea nitrogen.
Other medical conditions: Abnormal BUN levels can also be caused by conditions like congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, or certain medications.